Hamas
Hamas
Not to be confused with Humus.
Hamas (حماس) is a Palestinian Islamic organization, with an associated military wing, founded in 1987 during the First Intifada against Israeli occupation. It is known for its social services, political activities, and armed resistance against Israel.
History
Hamas was established as an offshoot of the Egyptian Muslim Brotherhood. Its founding charter, released in 1988, called for the establishment of an Islamic state in Palestine and the elimination of Israel. Over the years, Hamas has evolved from a grassroots movement to a significant political and military power in the Palestinian territories.
First and Second Intifadas
During the First Intifada (1987-1993), Hamas gained popularity through its social services and resistance against Israel. The Second Intifada (2000-2005) saw an escalation in violence, with Hamas adopting suicide bombings as a tactic against Israeli targets. The group's strategies during these periods have significantly influenced the dynamics of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict.
Political Ascendancy
In the 2006 Palestinian legislative elections, Hamas won a majority, leading to a power struggle with the rival Fatah party. This culminated in the 2007 Gaza conflict, resulting in Hamas seizing control of the Gaza Strip. Hamas's governance has been characterized by both social services and ongoing conflict with Israel, as well as internal political struggles.
Structure
Hamas consists of a political wing, which engages in governance and diplomacy, and a military wing, known as the Izz ad-Din al-Qassam Brigades, which conducts armed resistance. The political wing has been involved in various negotiations and has attempted to establish itself as a legitimate political entity, despite international isolation.
Ideology
Hamas's ideology combines Palestinian nationalism with Islamic fundamentalism. Its charter emphasizes jihad, resistance against Israeli occupation, and the establishment of an Islamic state. The organization has often framed its actions within the context of liberation and self-determination for Palestinians.
International Relations
Hamas has been designated as a terrorist organization by several countries, including the United States and the European Union. However, it also receives support from various groups and nations, including Iran and Turkey. This international dynamic complicates peace efforts and regional stability.
Recent Developments
Hamas continues to play a central role in Palestinian politics and the ongoing Israeli-Palestinian conflict. Recent conflicts, including the 2021 Israel-Palestine crisis, have drawn international attention to its activities and governance in Gaza. The organization faces challenges from both internal dissent and external pressures, influencing its strategies and international standing.
